Epistemology of Islamic Education: Revelation, Reason, and Empirical Knowledge Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58988/jab.v6i1.865Keywords:
Contemporary Philosophy, Islamic Education Epistemology, Systematic Literature ReviewAbstract
In contemporary educational discourse, the epistemology of Islamic education faces the challenge of integrating revelation, reason, and empirical knowledge within modern philosophical frameworks. This integration is crucial to address the dominance of secular-positivistic paradigms and to develop a holistic, value-oriented educational approach. This study aims to systematically examine the epistemology of Islamic education based on revelation, reason, and empirical knowledge from a contemporary philosophical perspective. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, this study analyzed 30 scholarly articles (23 from Google Scholar, 7 from Scopus) published between 2020 and 2025. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify trends, methodological approaches, and epistemological constructions. The analysis reveals an emphasis on an integrative paradigm where revelation serves as the normative foundation, while reason and empirical experience function as rational and contextual instruments. The literature also demonstrates a critical stance toward secular-positivistic epistemologies. However, most studies remain conceptual, with limited empirical research on practical implementation. This study contributes to the theoretical development of Islamic educational philosophy. It underscores the necessity for future empirical and applied research to translate integrative epistemological constructs into practical educational contexts.
References
Adiasta, M. A., Hendring, M. R., Firdaus, F., Hisyam, I. M., & Parhan, M. (2025). Integrasi Akal Dan Wahyu Dalam Filsafat Pendididikan Ibnu Sina: Telaah Ontologis Dan Epistemologis. Jurnal Kajian Islam Dan Sosial Keagamaan, 2(4), 905–910.
Ahmadi, A., Hikmah, A. N., & Yudiawan, A. (2021). Ilmu dan Agama dalam Perspektif Filsafat Ilmu. Al-Fikr: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 7(1), 12–25. https://doi.org/https://jurnal-tarbiyah.iainsorong.ac.id/index.php/alfikr/article/view/108
Ahmed, F. (2021). Authority, autonomy and selfhood in Islamic education–Theorising Shakhsiyah Islamiyah as a dialogical Muslim-self. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 53(14), 1520–1534. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2020.1863212
Ainuri, A., & Wijaya, M. (2021). Epistemology of Islamic Education According to Hasyim Asy’ari Thought. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society, 6(2), 79–96. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22515/islimus.v6i2.4020
Akromullah, H. (2018). Kebenaran Ilmiah Dalam Perspektif Filsafat Ilmu (Suatu Pendekatan Historis dalam Memahami Kebenaran Ilmiah dan Aktualisasinya dalam Bidang Praksis). Majalah Ilmu Pengetahuan Dan Pemikiran Keagamaan Tajdid, 21(1), 48–64. https://doi.org/DOI: https://doi.org/10.15548/tajdid.v21i1.246
Ali, J. A. (2022). Modernity, its crisis and Islamic revivalism. Religions, 14(1), 15.
Asyibli, B., Ibtihal, A. A., Fauzan, M. F., Fauzi, A., & Hidayat, W. (2025). Epistemological Dimensions in Islamic Educational Philosophy: A Critical Analysis. Journal of Islamic Education Research, 6(1), 69–84. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35719/jier.v6i1.464
Bahrullah, B., Rijal, S., & Yunus, F. M. (2025). Epistemologi Pendidikan Islam: Suatu Kajian Tentang Toleransi Dalam Perspektif Epistemologi Pluralistik. Jurnal Mudarrisuna: Media Kajian Pendidikan Agama Islam, 15(1), 31–48. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jm.v15i1.27819
Basith, Y., Rahmah, K., Ramadhan, M. Z., & Tholchah, M. (2024). Optimalisasi peran pendidik dalam pendidikanmelalui integrasi potensi Qalb dan Aql. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Religious Education, 2(2), 215–230. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.63243/n66gyy19
Basri, M., Fadriati, F., & Suryana, E. (2025). Sources of Knowledge in Islam: Epistemology of Revelation, Reason, Senses, and Intuition. At-Tasyrih: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Hukum Islam, 11(2), 178–187. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55849/attasyrih.v11i2.353
Bustam, B. M. R. (2021). Filosofi Pendidikan KH Ahmad Dahlan dan Implikasinya pada Epistemologi Pendidikan Islam Kontemporer. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam Al-Thariqah, 6(2), 262–281. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25299/al-thariqah.2021.vol6(2).6119
Cabrera, D., & Cabrera, L. L. (2023). The steps to doing a systems literature review (SLR). Journal of Systems Thinking Preprints.
da Silva, M. L. F., & da Silva Rodrigues, A. J. (2018). A new digital method to recover the state of art: systematic literature review (SLR). Revista Inclusiones, 12–31.
Dainori, D. (2018). Pengetahuan dan Ukuran Kebenaran. Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Ilmu Keislaman, 1(2), 369–382.
Fadli, M. R. (2021). Hubungan filsafat dengan ilmu pengetahuan dan relevansinya di era revolusi industri 4.0 (Society 5.0). Jurnal Filsafat, 31(1), 130–161. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.42521
Fathonah, E. S. N., Rindiani, A., Rabi’ah, C. S., & Komariah, R. (2025). Epistemologi Islam dan Rekonstruksi Paradigma Ilmu di Era Modern. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 10(3), 267–282. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v10i03.30435
Fauzi, H. A. H., Hidayat, W., Al Ayyubi, I. I., Nurhikmah, & Al-Ghatnaini, R. A. S. (2025). Work Stress Levels At Madrasah Tsanawiyah Arrukhshatul’ulum: The Challenges of Digitalization in Developing Islamic Educational Institutions. Mudir: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 7(1), 19–27. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55352/mudir.v7i1.1469
Günther, S. (2020). Knowledge and Education in Classical Islam: Religious Learning between Continuity and Change (Vol. 172). Brill.
Hamdi, S., Muslimah, M., Musthofa, K., & Sardimi, S. (2021). Mengelaborasi Sejarah Filsafat Barat dan Sumbangsih Pemikiran Para Tokohnya. Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 1(2), 151–166.
Hayat, S. F., Abubakar, A., & Basri, H. (2025). Epistemologi Al-Qur’an: Studi Atas Integrasi Wahyu Dan Akal Dalam Tafsir Kontemporer. Tasamuh: Jurnal Studi Islam, 17(2), 290–307. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47945/tasamuh.v17i2.2312
Hidayat, R., & Rijal, S. (2024). Konstruksi Ilmu Dan Metodologi Pengetahuan Di Barat Serta Pengaruhnya Dalam Pendidikan Islam Di Indonesia. JUMPER: Journal of Educational Multidisciplinary Research, 3(1), 99–116. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56921/jumper.v3i1.177
Hosaini, H., & Akhyak, A. (2024). Integration of Islam and Science in Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies. Jurnal Kepemimpinan Dan Pengurusan Sekolah, 9(1), 24–42. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.34125/jkps.v9i1.426
Ihsan, N. H. (2021). Hubungan Agama dan Sains: Telaah Kritis Sejarah Filsafat Sains Islam dan Modern. Intizar, 27(2), 97–111.
Indah, A. V. (2025). Epistemologi pendidikan Islam: Analisis konseptual terhadap integrasi wahyu dan akal dalam pembentukan karakter Muslim. Islamijah: Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 6(2), 180–198. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/islamijah.v6i2.25600
Istiqomah, D. N., Chairunisa, C., & Azis, A. (2025). Modernization of Islamic education in the perspective of Islamic epistemology. EduGrows: Education and Learning Review, 1(1), 28–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.69836/edugrows.v1i1.8
Juliwansyah, J., & Ahida, R. (2022). Sejarah Filsafat Ilmu Pada Periode Klasik Dan PertengahanSejarah Filsafat Ilmu Pada Periode Klasik Dan Pertengahan. Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan (JKIP), 3(1), 83–89. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55583/jkip.v3i1.319
Karim, A. R., Hasanuddin, M. I., Fuad, A. Z., Bakar, M. Y. A., Muhaemin, M., & Arifuddin, A. (2024). Exploring The Rationality of Religious-Rational Islamic Thinkers Towards The Compatibility of The Islamic Education System. Tarbiyah: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 13(2), 187–208. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18592/tarbiyah.v13i2.13638
Khatami, M., & Dina, S. (2024). Modernisasi Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Fazlur Rahman dan Relevansinya dengan Pendidikan Islam Kontemporer. Risalah : Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Islam, 10(1), 184–194.
Kooli, C. (2020). The philosophy of education in the Sultanate of Oman: between conservatism and modernism. International Journal of Knowledge and Learning, 13(3), 233–245. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1504/IJKL.2020.109901
Kurniawan, W., Maulidin, S., & Rohman, M. (2024). Implementasi manajemen pendidikan berbasis total quality manajemen. Cakrawala: Jurnal Kajian Studi Manajemen Pendidikan Islam Dan Studi Sosial, 8(1), 36–53. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33507/cakrawala.v8i1.1924
Lundie, D., & O’Siochru, C. (2021). The right of withdrawal from religious education in England: school leaders’ beliefs, experiences and understandings of policy and practice. British Journal of Religious Education, 43(2), 161–173. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2019.1628706
Makki, M. (2020). Epistemologi Pendidikan Islam: Memutus Dominasi Barat Terhadap Pendidikan Islam. Al-Musannif, 1(2), 110–124. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56324/al-musannif.v1i2.26
Malik, M. I., Urwah, U., Amaliya, N. F., Solihah, I., & Hambali, A. (2025). Evolusi Epistemologi Ilmu dari Yunani hingga Posmodernisme dan Implikasinya terhadap Paradigma Pendidikan Kontemporer. MENDIDIK: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 12(1), 40–52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30653/003.0121.463
Marasabessy, M. A. F. (2025). Integrasi Pemikiran Fazlur Rahman tentang Pendidikan Islam dengan Epistemologi Filsafat Kontemporer Kritis. An Najah (Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Dan Sosial Keagamaan), 4(5), 1–23.
Masruhin, S., Ali, H., & Rosadi, K. I. (2021). Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pendidikan Islam: Sistem Berfikir Kebenaran, Pengetahuan, Nilai (Moralitas). Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Sosial, 2(2), 844–857. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38035/jmpis.v2i2.679
Matemba, Y. (2021). Decolonising religious education in sub-Saharan Africa through the prism of anticolonialism: a conceptual proposition. British Journal of Religious Education, 43(1), 33–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2020.1816529
Meijer, W. (1999). Islam versus western modernity: A contrast in educational thought. British Journal of Religious Education, 21(3), 158–166. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0141620990210307
Mu’ammar, M. A., & Muchtar, N. E. P. (2024). Epistimology and Curriculum of Islamic Education from the Perspective of Majid’Irsan Al-Kilani. Halaqa: Islamic Education Journal, 8(1), 87–96. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21070/halaqa.v8i1.1677
Mujib, A. (2019). Hakekat Ilmu Pengetahuan dalam Persfektif Islam. Ri’ayah: Jurnal Sosial Dan Keagamaan, 4(1), 44–59.
Mukmin, T., & Arikarani, Y. (2025). Filsafat sebagai sarana transformasi pendidikan Islam: Perspektif ayat-ayat kauniyah. Edification Journal: Pendidikan Agama Islam, 8(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37092/ej.v8i1.1247
Mulyani, N., & Anwar, A. S. (2020). Membangun Paradigma Dunia Modern dan Islam terhadap Ilmu Pengetahuan. Geneologi PAI: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 7(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32678/geneologipai.v7i1.2623
Munir, K. (2025). Pendidikan Islam dalam Perspektif World Conferences on Muslim Education: Tela’ah Ontologis, Epistemologis, dan Aksiologis. Didaktika: Jurnal Kependidikan, 14(1), 925–940. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.58230/27454312.1843
Murharyana, M., Al Ayyubi, I. I., Komarudin, K., Suryana, I., Noerzanah, F., & Rahmawati, S. (2024). Differences and Interactions between Learning Outcomes, Learning Model, and Gender in Islamic Religious Education. Southeast Asian Journal of Islamic Education, 6(2), 181–195. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21093/sajie.v6i2.8472
Murharyana, M., Al Ayyubi, I. I., Rohmatulloh, R., & Ikromi, S. N. (2024). The Effects of Islamic Religious Education Learning on Students’ Motivation. At-Tadzkir: Islamic Education Journal, 3(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59373/attadzkir.v3i1.44
Muslimin, S. A., & Suharmanto, S. A. (2024). Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam Dan Integrasi Ilmu. Cahya Ghani Recovery.
Nurhikmah. (2024). Ummi Method: Al-Qur’an Innovation the Young Generation. ABJAD: JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & EDUCATION, 2(3), 141–150. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62079/abjad.v2i3.53
Palomino, M., Dávila, A., & Melendez, K. (2019). Methodologies, methods, techniques and tools used on SLR elaboration: a mapping study. International Conference on Software Process Improvement, 14–30.
Rahman, F. (2024). Islam & modernity: Transformation of an intellectual tradition (Vol. 15). University of Chicago Press.
Rahman, G. (2025). Reconstructing Islamic Identity in Modern Times: A Narrative Review of Educational Reform and Intellectual Responses. Sinergi International Journal of Islamic Studies, 3(1), 29–43. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61194/ijis.v3i1.708
Rofiq, M. N. (2018). Peranan filsafat ilmu bagi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan. FALASIFA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 9(1), 161–175. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36835/falasifa.v9i1.112
Rokhmah, D. (2021). Ilmu dalam Tinjauan Filsafat: Ontologi, Epistemologi, dan Aksiologi. CENDEKIA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 7(2), 172–186.
Rosnawati, R., Syukri, A. S. A., Badarussyamsi, B., & Rizki, A. F. R. A. F. (2021). Aksiologi Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Manfaatnya bagi Manusia. Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia, 4(2), 186–194. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23887/jfi.v4i2.35975
Roy, S., Huq, S., & Rob, A. B. A. (2020). Faith and education in Bangladesh: A review of the contemporary landscape and challenges. International Journal of Educational Development, 79, 102290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2020.102290
Saada, N., & Magadlah, H. (2021). The meanings and possible implications of critical Islamic religious education. British Journal of Religious Education, 43(2), 206–217. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2020.1785844
Sabarudin, M., Al Ayyubi, I. I., Rohmatulloh, R., Suryana, I., & Wijaya, T. T. (2024). Exploring the Foundations of Islamic Education: Insights from Ibn Sina and Ibn Khaldun. Tribakti: Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman, 35(1), 127–142. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33367/tribakti.v35i1.4266
Sabic-El-Rayess, A. (2020). Epistemological shifts in knowledge and education in Islam: A new perspective on the emergence of radicalization amongst Muslims. International Journal of Educational Development, 73, 102148.
Situmeang, I. R. V. O. (2021). Hakikat Filsafat Ilmu dan Pendidikan dalam Kajian Filsafat Ilmu Pengetahuan. IKRA-ITH HUMANIORA: Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 5(1), 1–17.
Solikhin, H. N., Saputra, A., Aditya, F., & Al-Kahfi, M. F. (2025). Modernisasi Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Perspektif John Dewey. Jurnal Ilmiah Falsafah: Jurnal Kajian Filsafat, Teologi Dan Humaniora, 11(2), 74–85. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37567/jif.v11i2.4585
Somantri, E. A., Sabarudin, M., Al Ayyubi, I. I., Suryana, I., & Singh, W. C. (2024). Improving Islamic Religious Education Learning Outcomes Utilizing the Brain-based Learning Model Based on Students’ School Origin and Cognitive Stage. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Education Studies (IJIES), 7(1), 114–126. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33367/ijies.v7i1.5302
Sunardi, S., Solechan, S., Ubaidillah, U., Waenasae, R., & Kamali, A. N. (2025). The Essence of Islamic Education: The Paradigm of Knowledge, Faith, and Action. Ngaos: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 3(2), 84–102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59373/ngaos.v3i2.220
Tamphu, S., Suyitno, I., Susanto, G., Budiana, N., & Salim, M. R. (2024). Building bridges to the future of learning : Exploring artificial intelligence research using R- Studio assisted bibliometrics. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2417623
Thobani, S. (2007). The dilemma of Islam as school knowledge in Muslim education. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 27(1), 11–25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02188790601145382
Tobroni, T. (2025). Epistemologi Pendidikan Agama Islam:(Konstruksi Pengetahuan dan Metodologi Pengetahuan). Ikhlas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Islam, 2(1), 166–181. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61132/ikhlas.v2i1.303
Ulfat, F. (2020). Empirical research: Challenges and impulses for Islamic religious education. British Journal of Religious Education, 42(4), 415–423. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2020.1711513
Vera, S., & Hambali, R. Y. A. (2021). Aliran rasionalisme dan empirisme dalam kerangka ilmu pengetahuan. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Ushuluddin, 1(2), 59–73.
Wiranata, R. R. S., Maragustam, M., & Abrori, M. S. (2021). Filsafat Pragmatisme: Meninjau Ulang Inovasi Pendidikan Islam. Ta’allum: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 9(1), 110–133. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21274/taalum.2021.9.1.110-133
Yudhyarta, D. (2025). Epistemologi Integratif Rasulullah SAW: Telaah Prinsip Wahyu-Akal-Empiris sebagai Fondasi Pengembangan Sains dan Teknologi Berbasis Etika. Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum, 3(3), 2987–2996. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v3i3.1846
Yuni, S. R., Nurahmi, A., Azahra, O. S., Zadri, M., Rahmi, Z., Hidayat, A., Zuher, Y. F., Aisi, R., & Rahmi, Y. (2025). Pendidikan Agama Islam: Interdisiplin Al-Qur’an. CV Edu Akademi.
Yusmei, N., Harvius, H., & Rizal, A. E. (2023). Kriteria Kebenaran Religius dalam Ilmu Pengetahuan. Mauizhah: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman, 12(2), 66–75. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55936/mau`izhah.v12i2.111
Yuwono, C., Syafruddin, S., Novriadi, D., Sujud, F. A., Asmul, A., Muhirdan, M., & Kuswianto, D. (2025). Pedagogi Islam: Konsep, Nilai, dan Implementasi dalam Pendidikan. Yayasan Tri Edukasi Ilmiah.
Zahrani, H., & Dhobith, A. (2022). Epistemologi Pendidikan Islam. AL-MANAR: Jurnal Komunikasi Dan Pendidikan Islam, 11(2), 58–68. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36668/jal.v11i2.423
Zhao, Z. (2020). The religious world in Chinese social studies textbooks. British Journal of Religious Education, 42(2), 214–223. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2018.1516195
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Redi Zulpianto, Rifana Wahdi, M. Nur Ade Saputra, Ahmad Lidra, Saifullah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
